Vaccination is one of the most successful preventive measures to protect and save human life from infectious diseases. Given that the vaccination process elicits a specific immune response against the cause of certain infectious diseases and that a large number of infectious diseases are more common at an early age when the body defense mechanismis least developed, vaccination begins at an early age. The paper consists of two parts, the first part which provides an overview of the historical development of vaccines, vaccine types, vaccination calendars in the Republic of Croatia, possible side effects of vaccination, contraindications for vaccination, the Croatian Law on Vaccination and an overview of the anti-vaccination movement. Finally, in the second part the emphasis is on the research process in which the goal was to investigate, determine and analyze the attitudes of regular students of the first, second and third year of Early and Preschool Education, Faculty of Teacher Education in Rijeka on vaccination. The research was conducted by the survey method, and the total number of respondents was 93 (N = 93). The results showed that students of Early and Preschool Education have a negative attitude towards vaccination, which confirms Hypothesis 2, which reads: "Students of Early and Preschool Education have a negative attitude about vaccination."