The importance of developing the ability to think logically and critically is undeniable. In the modernized world, the need for critical and logical thinking is increasing. As such, it is expected to start developing those skills at a young age. Elementary school teachers play an extremely large role in the realization of these high expectations. It is necessary to use the correct contents, methods, and approaches of learning in order to maximize the development of these skills. Certain subjects are more suitable for the development of critical and logical thinking because mastering their content requires a certain level of use of critical and logical thinking. As such, mathematics is taken as a subject whose contents require usage of logical and critical thinking. The question arises to what extent mathematics textbooks contain content that encourages the maximum development of logical and critical thinking. Before finding the optimal contents in mathematics textbooks, it is necessary to define the concepts of critical and logical thinking and see which contents have the greatest effect on their development. The aim of this thesis was to offer definitions of different authors on the concepts of critical and logical thinking, to find which elements fall under critical and logical thinking and how are they encouraged, to single out the most relevant elements of critical and logical thinking, and finally to investigate to what extent the contents that encourage the development of logical and critical thinking are represented within the textbook. The complexity and breadth of the concepts of logical and critical thinking came to the fore, and it was concluded that the mentioned concepts were not defined clearly enough. Various authors have defined the terms differently and listed other elements that fall under them. An analysis of textbooks revealed a result that indicates a lack of content that encourages logical and critical thinking. The conclusion was reached that it is necessary to further research the area of logical and critical thinking and to clearly and precisely define how these opinions are encouraged, using which content and methods, and to better represent the content within mathematics textbooks. Because by using current textbooks, without resorting to additional materials, the student's logical and critical thinking will not be developed.